设计模式之观察者模式

模式介绍

观察者模式是软件设计模式的一种。在此种模式中，一个目标对象管理所有相依于它的观察者对象，并且在它本身的状态改变时主动发出通知。这通常透过呼叫各观察者所提供的方法来实现。此种模式通常被用来实时事件处理系统。

代码

public interface Subject {
    public void register(Observer obj);
    public void unregister(Observer obj);
    public void notifyObservers();
    public Object getUpdate(Observer obj);
}

public interface Observer {
    public void update();
    public void setSubject(Subject sub);
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MyTopic implements Subject {

	private List<Observer> observers;
	private String message;
	private boolean changed;
	private final Object MUTEX= new Object();
	
	public MyTopic(){
		this.observers=new ArrayList<>();
	}
	@Override
	public void register(Observer obj) {
		if(obj == null) throw new NullPointerException("Null Observer");
		synchronized (MUTEX) {
		if(!observers.contains(obj)) observers.add(obj);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void unregister(Observer obj) {
		synchronized (MUTEX) {
		observers.remove(obj);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void notifyObservers() {
		List<Observer> observersLocal = null;
		
		synchronized (MUTEX) {
			if (!changed)
				return;
			observersLocal = new ArrayList<>(this.observers);
			this.changed=false;
		}
		for (Observer obj : observersLocal) {
			obj.update();
		}

	}

	@Override
	public Object getUpdate(Observer obj) {
		return this.message;
	}
	
	
	public void postMessage(String msg){
		System.out.println("Message Posted to Topic:"+msg);
		this.message=msg;
		this.changed=true;
		notifyObservers();
	}

}

public class MyTopicSubscriber implements Observer {
	
	private String name;
	private Subject topic;
	
	public MyTopicSubscriber(String nm){
		this.name=nm;
	}
	@Override
	public void update() {
		String msg = (String) topic.getUpdate(this);
		if(msg == null){
			System.out.println(name+":: No new message");
		}else
		System.out.println(name+":: Consuming message::"+msg);
	}

	@Override
	public void setSubject(Subject sub) {
		this.topic=sub;
	}

}

public class ObserverPatternTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		MyTopic topic = new MyTopic();
		
		
		Observer obj1 = new MyTopicSubscriber("Obj1");
		Observer obj2 = new MyTopicSubscriber("Obj2");
		Observer obj3 = new MyTopicSubscriber("Obj3");
		
		
		topic.register(obj1);
		topic.register(obj2);
		topic.register(obj3);
		
		
		obj1.setSubject(topic);
		obj2.setSubject(topic);
		obj3.setSubject(topic);
		
		
		obj1.update();
		
		
		topic.postMessage("New Message");
	}

}

输出结果

Obj1:: No new message
Message Posted to Topic:New Message
Obj1:: Consuming message::New Message
Obj2:: Consuming message::New Message
Obj3:: Consuming message::New Message